Search results for: “February 2023”

The digital landscape is constantly evolving, and with it, the threats that target our devices. For Mac users, the built-in security suite, XProtect, stands as a crucial first line of defense. But how effective is it? What exactly does it protect against? This article delves into the inner workings of XProtect, exploring its components, detection methods, and the specific malware it targets, offering a comprehensive look at macOS security in 2025. 

My journey into the world of macOS security has been a fascinating one. From attending security conferences in unexpected locations, like my trip to Kyiv for Objective-See’s Objective by the Sea v2.0, to engaging with leading security experts, I’ve gained invaluable insights into the ever-present battle against malware. This exploration culminates in a detailed examination of XProtect, a topic I began investigating last year and have continued to refine as Apple updates its defenses.

XProtect: More Than Just a Malware Blocker

Introduced in macOS X 10.6 Snow Leopard back in 2009, XProtect initially served as a simple malware detector, alerting users to potentially harmful files during installation. However, it has evolved significantly over the years. The 2022 retirement of the Malware Removal Tool (MRT) marked a turning point, paving the way for XProtectRemediator (XPR), a more sophisticated anti-malware component responsible for both detecting and removing threats. 

XProtect’s strength lies in its use of Yara rules, an open-source tool that identifies malware based on specific patterns within its code or metadata. This allows Apple, and indeed anyone, to create custom detection rules.  

Today, the XProtect suite comprises three key components:

• XProtect App: This component uses Yara rules to scan applications upon launch, modification, or signature updates, detecting known malware.

  XProtectRemediator (XPR): XPR takes a more proactive approach, regularly scanning the system for threats using Yara rules and other methods. These scans occur in the background during periods of low activity, minimizing performance impact.

  XProtectBehaviorService (XBS): Introduced more recently, XBS monitors system behavior, looking for suspicious activity related to critical resources.

The Challenge of Obfuscated Signatures

One of the challenges in understanding XProtect’s capabilities is Apple’s use of internal naming schemes for its Yara rules. While this obfuscation serves a security purpose, it makes it difficult to pinpoint the exact malware being targeted. For instance, while some rules have relatively clear names like XProtect_MACOS_PIRRIT_GEN (targeting Pirrit adware), many are given generic names like XProtect_MACOS_2fc5997 or internal codenames like XProtect_snowdrift.

This is where the work of security researchers like Phil Stokes of Sentinel One Labs and independent researcher Alden becomes crucial. Stokes maintains a public repository on GitHub that maps Apple’s obfuscated signatures to common malware names recognized by security vendors and public scanners like VirusTotal. Alden has made significant strides in understanding XPR’s functionality by extracting Yara rules directly from its scanning modules. 

Locating XProtect on Your Mac

XProtect is enabled by default on all macOS installations and operates silently in the background. Updates are also automatic. To locate XProtect on your system: 

1. Open Finder and navigate to Macintosh HD > Library > Apple > System > Library > CoreServices.
2. Locate “XProtect” and right-click (or Control-click).
3. Select “Show Package Contents.”
4. Navigate to Contents > MacOS.

Important Note: While XProtect provides a solid baseline of protection, it primarily focuses on known threats. Relying solely on XProtect is not advisable. Employing reputable third-party anti-malware solutions is strongly recommended for enhanced security.

XProtectRemediator v147: A Look at the Malware Arsenal

XPR’s scanning modules are responsible for malware removal. Examining version 147 reveals a targeted approach against a variety of threats. Here’s a breakdown of some of the identified remediators:

• Adload: This adware and bundleware loader has been targeting macOS users since 2017, demonstrating a persistent threat. Recent XProtect updates have significantly improved the detection of this malware.
• BlueTop: Identified as a Trojan-Proxy campaign documented by Kaspersky in late 2023.
• ColdSnap: Likely targeting the macOS version of the SimpleTea malware, a Remote Access Trojan (RAT) with ties to the 3CX breach and similarities to Linux and Windows variants.
• Crapyrator: Identified as macOS.Bkdr.Activator, a large-scale malware campaign discovered in February 2024, potentially aimed at creating a macOS botnet or distributing further malware.

  DubRobber (XCSSET): A versatile and concerning Trojan dropper.

• Genieo: A widely known potentially unwanted program (PUP).

  KeySteal: A macOS information stealer first observed in 2021 and added to XProtect in February 2023.

• Pirrit: An adware family known for injecting ads, collecting browsing data, and manipulating search results.
• RankStank: Linked to the 3CX supply chain attack attributed to the Lazarus Group.
• SnowDrift: Identified as the CloudMensis macOS spyware.
• Trovi: A cross-platform browser hijacker similar to Pirrit, known for redirecting searches, tracking browsing history, and injecting ads.

Several other remediators, such as BadGacha, CardboardCutout, FloppyFlipper, GreenAcre, RoachFlight, SheepSwap, ShowBeagle, ToyDrop, and WaterNet, remain unidentified at this time, highlighting the ongoing effort to decipher XProtect’s full capabilities.

The Ongoing Evolution of macOS Security

The fight against malware is a constant arms race. Apple continuously updates XProtect to address emerging threats, and security researchers work tirelessly to uncover the intricacies of its defenses. By understanding the components and capabilities of XProtect, Mac users can gain a deeper appreciation for the built-in security measures and make informed decisions about their overall security posture. While XProtect provides a valuable layer of protection, combining it with reputable third-party security software remains the most effective approach to safeguarding your Mac in today’s complex digital world.

Apple announced today that it now has more people using its devices worldwide than ever before. However, the speed at which new users are joining has decreased from last year.

Currently, there are 2.35 billion Apple devices in active use around the globe. This number shows growth from last year when Apple reported 2.2 billion devices in February 2024. This year, the growth was 6.8%, which means Apple added 150 million more devices.

Back in January 2023, Apple celebrated having over 2 billion active devices for the first time. Between 2023 and 2024, they managed to increase this by 200 million devices, which was a 10% growth.

Apple is looking forward to more growth, especially with the introduction of Apple Intelligence in China. This is planned for April, when the new iOS 18.4 update will support Simplified Chinese and other languages.

Apple’s CEO, Tim Cook, mentioned that the sales of the iPhone 16 have been better than those of the iPhone 15 in places where Apple Intelligence is already available. This shows that new features are still attracting customers, even if the overall growth rate has slowed down.

The tech world’s attention often focuses on product launches and groundbreaking innovations. However, the inner workings of a company like Apple, particularly its governance and executive compensation, provide a fascinating glimpse into its strategic direction and priorities.

Apple recently announced that its 2025 annual shareholder meeting will be held virtually on Tuesday, February 25th, at 8:00 a.m. Pacific Time. This meeting, while not typically a stage for major product announcements, offers a platform for shareholders to exercise their rights and for the company to address key governance matters.  

For those holding Apple stock as of January 2, 2025, the meeting provides an opportunity to participate in the company’s direction. Shareholders will be able to attend, cast their votes, and even submit questions through Apple’s dedicated virtual meeting website. Access will require a specific control number included in the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials distributed to shareholders. This virtual format has become increasingly common for large corporations, offering broader accessibility for shareholders worldwide.  

The agenda for the meeting includes several key items. Shareholders will be asked to vote on the re-election of the Board of Directors, a crucial process that ensures the company is guided by experienced and capable leaders. The meeting will also include a vote to approve executive compensation, a topic that often draws significant attention. Additionally, shareholders will be asked to ratify Ernst & Young LLP as Apple’s independent public accounting firm, a standard practice for publicly traded companies. Finally, the meeting will also include votes on various shareholder proposals, which can range from social and environmental concerns to corporate governance reforms.  

While Apple’s shareholder meetings are not typically known for revealing future product roadmaps or strategic overhauls, they can offer valuable insights. In past meetings, executives have occasionally touched upon broader industry trends and the company’s strategic thinking. For instance, last year’s meeting saw CEO Tim Cook discuss the growing importance of artificial intelligence, months before Apple unveiled its own AI-driven features. These brief glimpses into the company’s long-term vision are often of great interest to investors and industry observers.

One of the most closely watched aspects of the shareholder meeting is the disclosure of executive compensation. Apple’s annual proxy filing revealed that CEO Tim Cook earned $74.6 million in 2024. This figure represents an increase from his 2023 earnings of $63.2 million.

Cook’s compensation package is multifaceted, including a base salary of $3 million, a significant portion in stock awards totaling $58 million, performance-based awards amounting to $12 million, and other compensation totaling $1.5 million. This “other compensation” encompasses various benefits such as 401(k) contributions, life insurance premiums, vacation cash-out, security expenses, and the cost of personal air travel, which Cook is mandated by Apple to utilize for all travel, both business and personal.   

It’s important to note that while Cook’s 2024 compensation exceeded his 2023 earnings, it was still lower than the substantial $99 million he received in 2022. This decrease followed a decision by Cook and the Board of Directors to adjust his total compensation after it approached the $100 million mark. This highlights a degree of self-regulation and consideration of shareholder sentiment regarding executive pay.

The structure of Cook’s compensation also reflects Apple’s emphasis on performance-based incentives. While a target compensation of $59 million was set, Cook earned more due to the cash incentive payout tied to Apple’s financial performance. This model aligns executive interests with those of shareholders, rewarding strong company performance.

Beyond the CEO’s compensation, the proxy filing also revealed the earnings of other key Apple executives. Luca Maestri (Chief Financial Officer), Kate Adams (Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Global Security), Deirdre O’Brien (Senior Vice President of Retail + People), and Jeff Williams (Chief Operating Officer) each earned $27.2 million. These figures provide a broader context for executive compensation within Apple, demonstrating a tiered structure that rewards leadership contributions across the organization. 

In conclusion, Apple’s annual shareholder meeting is more than just a procedural event. It’s a key moment for corporate governance, allowing shareholders to participate in important decisions and providing transparency into executive compensation. While it might not be the venue for major product announcements, it offers a valuable look into the inner workings of one of the world’s most influential companies. The 2025 meeting will undoubtedly continue this tradition, offering insights into Apple’s priorities and its approach to leadership and accountability.